The standards presented below were collected by members of the ISO TC 285 Fuels Task Group. These standards were identified as potentially pertaining to the work being conducted by ISO TC 285. The standards can be sorted in three ways: filter by column, search the entire table (search box in the upper right corner), or filter each column by term using the boxes at the footer of the table. The content of this table can be exported in either CSV or PDF formats.
If you have additional standards or documents you feel might be appropriate for inclusion in this table please contact Dr. Christian L’Orange.
| Standard Number / Document Name | Applicable Fuels | Fuel Characteristics | Standard Location (url) | Summary of Standard | Meta Data/Key Terms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM E1757 | Wood Charcoal Coal/Peat Ag Residue Pellets/Pressed Logs Briquettes Dung Biofuels | Heating Value Volatile Matter | Standard method for preparing fuel for composition analysis | Composition, handling, chemical analysis | |
| ASTM E1690 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Extractives in Biomass | Wood Ag Residue Liquid Fuels | Heating Value Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Alcohol Content Volatile Matter | Evaluating ethanol potential for fuels | Composition, handling, ethanol, liquid fuels | |
| ASTM D7459 -Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of Densified Particulate Biomass Fuels | Pellets/Pressed Logs Briquettes | Density Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Size | Determining bulk density of densified fuels | pellets, storage, transportation | |
| ASTM D5865 -Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke | Coal/Peat | Heating Value Volatile Matter | Method to determine heating value of coal and coke | LHV, heating value, coal, coke, composition | |
| ASTM D5868 - Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific and Ash Value of Waste Materials | Ag Residue | Heating Value Volatile Matter | Heating value and ash composition of waste materials | waste, agricultural, LHV, heating value | |
| ASTM E870 - Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Wood Fuels | Wood | Heating Value Volatile Matter | Determining heating value of wood fuels | LHV, heating value | |
| ASTM E711 - Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Refuse-Derived Fuel by the Bomb Calorimeter | Ag Residue | Heating Value Volatile Matter | Energy content of waste derived products | LHV, energy content, agricultural waste | |
| ASTM E777 - Standard Test Method for Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel | Ag Residue | Heating Value Volatile Matter | Carbon and hydrogen content in waste derived fuels | LHV, carbon, nitrogen, heating value | |
| ASTM E871 - Standard Test Method for Moisture Analysis of Particulate Wood Fuels | Wood Pellets/Pressed Logs Briquettes | Moisture Content | Determining moisture content of particulate wood | moisture content, MC, water | |
| ASTM E872 - Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis of Particulate Wood Fuels | Wood Pellets/Pressed Logs Briquettes | Heating Value Volatile Matter | Volatile matter in particulate wood | LHV, energy | |
| ASTM E1358 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Moisture Content of Particulate Wood Fuels Using a Microwave Oven | Wood Pellets/Pressed Logs Briquettes | Moisture Content | Moisture content of particulate wood using a microwave | MC, moisture content, microwave | |
| ASTM D7544 - Standard Specification for Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuel | Liquid Fuels Biofuels | Heating Value Moisture Content | How to define pyrolysis liquid fuels | pyrolysis, energy content, gasification | |
| ISO 17225-2 - Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 2: Graded wood pellets | Wood Pellets/Pressed Logs Briquettes | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) | Classifying and categorizing wood pellets | pellets, classification | |
| ISO 17225-4 - Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 4: Graded wood chips | Wood Ag Residue Pellets/Pressed Logs Briquettes | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) | Classification and categorizing wood chips | wood chips, classification | |
| ISO 17225-3 - Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 3: Graded wood briquettes | Wood Pellets/Pressed Logs Briquettes | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) | Classification and categorization of pressed wood briquettes | wood briquettes, manufactured fuels | |
| ASTM D 3176 - Standard Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke Samples for Laboratory Analysis | Coal/Peat | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) | Preparing coke samples for analysis | laboratory method, sample preparation | |
| ASTM D1102 - Standard Test Method for Ash in Wood | Wood | Misc | Ash in wood | Composition, chemical | |
| ASTM E775 - Standard Test Methods for Total Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel | Ag Residue | Misc | Sulfur composition in waste fuels | chemical composition, sulfur | |
| ASTM D1762 - Standard Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Wood Charcoal | Charcoal | Heating Value Misc | Chemical composition of wood charcoal | Composition, charcoal, chemical analysis | |
| ASTM D5759 - Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses | Coal/Peat | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Misc | Ash composition of coal ash and potential secondary uses | chemical composition, waste stream value, ash | |
| ASTM D121 -Standard Terminology of Coal and Coke | Coal/Peat | Misc | Terminology | terminology | |
| ASTM D7582 - Standard Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke by Macro Thermogravimetric Analysis | Charcoal Coal/Peat | Heating Value Misc | Proximate analysis of coal and coke | chemical composition, proximate analysis | |
| ASTM D3176 - Standard Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke | Coal/Peat | Heating Value Misc | Ultimate analysis for coal and coke | chemical composition, ultimate analysis | |
| EN 16214-1 | Wood Charcoal Ag Residue Pellets/Pressed Logs Liquid Fuels Briquettes | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) | This European Standard defines the terminology to be used in the field of sustainability criteria for the production of biofuels and bioliquids for energy applications. | Defines relevant terms and definitions used in the European Commission Directive 2009/28/EC [1], 2009/30/EC [2] and other European regulations. | |
| DIN EN 15234-1 | Wood | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) | "Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 1: General requirements The overall aim of EN 15234 multipart standard is to guarantee the solid biofuel quality through the whole supply chain, from the origin to the delivery of the solid biofuel and provide adequate confidence that specified quality requirements are fulfilled" | Quality standards for solid biofuels | |
| DIN EN 15234-2 | Pellets/Pressed Logs Briquettes | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) | Fuel quality assurance - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use | Quality assurance wood pellets | |
| DIN EN 15234-3 | Pellets/Pressed Logs Briquettes | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) | Fuel quality assurance - Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use | Quality assurance along the value chain | |
| DIN EN 15234-4 | Pellets/Pressed Logs Briquettes | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) | Fuel quality assurance - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use | Quality assurance along the value chain | |
| DIN EN 15234-5 | Wood | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) | Fuel quality assurance - Part 5: Firewood for non-industrial use | Quality assurance along the value chain | |
| ISO 20905:2004 | Coal/Peat | Moisture Content Misc | Link | Evaluate ratio of moisture and dust in coal | Fuel characteristics, moisture, MC |
| ISO 13909-4:2001 | Charcoal Coal/Peat | Density Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) | Link | Standard method for preparing fuel samples | Fuel preparation |
| ISO/DIS 18122 - Solid Biofuels -- Determination of ash content | Wood Charcoal Coal/Peat Ag Residue Pellets/Pressed Logs | Misc | Link | Determination of ash content in biomass fuels | Ash, composition |
| ISO/AWI 20023 - Solid biofuels -- Safety of solid biofuel pellets -- Safe handling and storage of wood pellets in residential and other small-scale applications | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Fuel Safety | Link | Safe storage and handling of wood pellets | Safety, storage, pellets |
| ISO 20846:2011 Petroleum products -- Determination of sulfur content of automotive fuels -- Ultraviolet fluorescence method | Ethanol Liquid/Gels Fuels Biofuels | Chemical Composition Chemical Additives Laboratory Testing | Link | UV laboratory method of determining sulfur content of liquid fuels | chemical composition ethanol sulfur |
| ASTME820 | |||||
| ISO 11760:2005 - Classification of coals | Charcoal Coal/Peat | Heating Value/Calorific Value Density/Bulk Density Moisture Content Ash Content | Link | This International Standard describes a simple classification system for coals providing — guidance on the selection of the appropriate ISO standard procedures for the analyses and testing of coals, — international comparison of coals in terms of some key characteristics, — descriptive categorization of coals. | coal, classification, characterization, terminology |
| ISO 16993:2015 - Solid Biofuels -- Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another | Wood Charcoal Coal/Peat Ag Residue Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips Briquettes Dung | Heating Value/Calorific Value Density/Bulk Density Moisture Content Misc Ash Content Chemical Composition | Link | Methodology of converting from one basis of measurement to another. For example - for converting from air-dried to dry, ash free basis Includes method of conducting integrity checks. | Data analysis, calculations, data validity |
| NY/T1878—2010 Densified solid biofuel technical conditions | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) | Densified solid biofuel technical conditions | ||
| NY/T1879—2010 Densified solid biofuel sampling methods | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Laboratory Testing | Preparing samples for analysis | ||
| NY/T1879—2010 Densified solid biofuel sampling methods | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Laboratory Testing | Preparing samples for analysis | ||
| NY/T1881.1—2010 Densified solid biofuel test methods - Part 1: General | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Laboratory Testing | Preparing samples for analysis | ||
| NY/T1881.2—2010 Densificed solid biofuel test methods - Part 2: Total Moisture | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Moisture Content | Determination of Moisture content in biomass fuels | Moisture | |
| NY/T1881.3—2010 Densified solid biofuel test methods - Part 3: general analysis of water samples | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Moisture Content | Determination of Moisture content in biomass fuels | Moisture | |
| NY/T1881.4—2010 Densified solid biofuel test methods - Part 4: Volatile | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Volatile Matter | Determination of Volatile content in biomass fuels | Volatile, volatiles | |
| NY/T1881.5—2010 Densified solid biofuel test methods - Part 5: Ash | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Ash Content | Determination of ash content in biomass fuels | Ash | |
| NY/T1881.6—2010 Densified solid biofuel test methods - Part 6: Bulk Density | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Density/Bulk Density | Determination of Bulk Density of biomass fuels | Bulk density | |
| NY/T1881.7—2010 Densified solid biofuel test methods Part 7: Density | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Density/Bulk Density | Determination of Density of biomass fuels | Density | |
| NY/T1881.8—2010 Densified solid biofuel test methods - Part 8: mechanical durability | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Laboratory Testing | Determination of mechanical durability of biomass fuels | mechanical durability | |
| NY/T1882.—2010 Densified solid biofuel molding equipment technical conditions | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) | Densified solid biofuel molding equipment technical conditions | ||
| NY/T1883-2010 Densified solid biofuel molding equipment test methods | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Laboratory Testing | molding equipment test methods | molding equipment | |
| GB/T 211-2007 煤中全水分的测定方法 Total Moisture of the Coal test methods | Coal/Peat | Moisture Content | Determination of Moisture content in Coal | Moisture | |
| GB/T 212-2001 煤的工业分析方法 Proximate analysis of the Coal test methods | Coal/Peat | Chemical Composition | Determination of Proximate of the Coal | Proximate analysis | |
| GB/T 213-2003 煤的发热量测定方法 LHV of the Coal test methods | Coal/Peat | Heating Value/Calorific Value | Determination of LHV of Coal | LHV | |
| GB/T 214-2007 煤中全硫的测定方法 Sulphur of the Coal test methods | Coal/Peat | Chemical Composition | Determination of S content in Coal | S | |
| GB/T 216-2003 煤中磷的测定方法 Phosphorus of the Coal test methods | Coal/Peat | Chemical Composition | Determination of P content in Coal | P | |
| GB/T 219-1996 煤灰熔融性的测定方法 The fusibility of coal ash test methods | Coal/Peat | Melting Point/Transition Points | Determination of fusibility of coal ash | fusibility of coal ash | |
| GB 474-1996 煤样的制备方法 Sample preparation methods of the Coal test methods | Coal/Peat | Laboratory Testing | Preparing samples for analysis | Laboratory Testing | |
| GB/T 476-2001 煤的元素分析方法 Ultimate analysis of the Coal test methods | Coal/Peat | Chemical Composition | Determination of Ultimate Analysis of the Coal | Ultimate analysis | |
| SANS 448 Ethanol gel fuel | Ethanol/Liquid/Gels Fuels | Heating Value/Calorific Value Moisture Content Chemical Composition Alcohol Content Chemical Additives | Minimum qualification for homologation of a fuel product | Definition of ethanol gel fuel | |
| SANS 1913:2013 Illuminating Paraffin | Ethanol/Liquid/Gels Fuels | Heating Value/Calorific Value Chemical Composition | Minimum qualification for homologation of a paraffin fuel product | Definition illuminating paraffin fuel | |
| ISO/AWI 20023 Solid biofuels -- Safety of solid biofuel pellets -- Safe handling and storage of wood pellets in residential and other small-scale applications | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Fuel Safety | Link | Note: this standard is "under development" and a draft or abstract has been requested from TC 238. The standard will focus on safe handling and storage of pellet fuels. | fuel safety, storage, handling, pellets |
| ISO/AWI 20024-1 Solid biofuels -- Safety of solid biofuel pellets -- Safe handling and storage in commercial and industrial applications -- Part 1: General | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Fuel Safety | Link | Note: this standard is "under development" and a draft or abstract has been requested from TC 238. The standard will focus on safe handling and storage of biomass pellet fuels in commercial and industrial applications. | fuel safety, storage, handling, pellets, commercial, industrial |
| ISO/AWI 20024-2 Solid biofuels -- Safety of solid biofuel pellets -- Safe handling and storage in commercial and industrial applications -- Part 2: Detection, suppression and management of fire and explosion | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Fuel Safety | Link | Note: this standard is "under development" and a draft or abstract has been requested from TC 238. The standard will focus on safe handling and storage of biomass pellet fuels in commercial and industrial applications with a focus on detection, suppression and management of fire and explosion. | fuel safety, storage, handling, pellets, commercial, industrial, explosion, fire safety |
| ISO/AWI 20048 Solid biofuels -- Determination of off-gassing and oxygen depletion | Wood Coal/Peat Ag Residue Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips Briquettes | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Fuel Safety Volatile Matter | Link | Note: this standard is "under development" and a draft or abstract has been requested from TC 238. The standard will focus on safe handling and storage of biomass fuels with a focus on off-gassing and oxygen depletion during storage. | fuel safety, storage, handling, off-gassing, oxygen depletion |
| ISO/AWI 20049 Solid biofuels -- Determination of self-heating | Coal/Peat Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips Briquettes | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Fuel Safety | Link | Note: this standard is "under development" and a draft or abstract has been requested from TC 238. The standard will focus on safe handling and storage of biomass fuels with a focus on determination of self-heating properties during storage. | fuel safety, storage, handling, self-heating |
| ISO/DIS 13065 | Wood Charcoal Ag Residue Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips Ethanol/Liquid/Gels Fuels Briquettes | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Fuel Safety | Link | This standard covers a wide range of aspects of bioenergy sustainability. In terms of fuel safety, the standard includes guidelines for hazardous workplace conditions | fuel safety, sustainability, workplace safety |
| Health and Safety Aspects of Solid Biomass Storage, Transportation and Feeding | Wood Charcoal Ag Residue Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips Briquettes | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Fuel Safety | Link | IEA Bioenergy publication (not a standard) focused on health and safety issues along the supply chain of solid biofuels. Very good resource on background and theory related to biomass safety issues, test methods for determining safety risks, and guidelines for safe storage and handling. Particular focus on pellet fuels. | fuel safety, storage, transportation, feeding, explosion |
| NFPA 70 National Electrical Code | Coal/Peat Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips Briquettes | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Fuel Safety | Link | Much of this standard is not relevant. Chapter 5, pg 506 contains standard practice for electrical systems in "Locations for combustible dusts or ignitible fibers/flyings". | fuel safety, electrical safety, combustible dust |
| NFPA 77 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE ON STATIC ELECTRICITY | Ag Residue Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips Briquettes | Fuel Safety | Link | Chapter 15 (77-33) contains background and standard methods for mitigating static electric discharge in powder and dust handling facilities. | fuel safety, powder, dust, static electricity |
| NFPA 654: STANDARD FOR THE PREVENTION OF FIRE AND DUST EXPLOSIONS FROM THE MANUFACTURING, PROCESSING, AND HANDLING OF COMBUSTIBLE PARTICULATE SOLIDS | Ag Residue Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips Briquettes | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Fuel Safety | Link | This standard presents safety measures to prevent and mitigate fires and dust explosions in facilities that handle combustible particulate solids, which includes combustible dusts, fibers, flocks, flakes, chips, and chunks. Includes chapters on "Fugitive Dust Control and Housekeeping" (8) and "Ignition Sources" (9). | fuel safety, dust, explosion, fire safety |
| NFPA 664: STANDARD FOR THE PREVENTION OF FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS IN WOOD PROCESSING AND WOODWORKING FACILITIES | Wood Ag Residue Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips Briquettes | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Fuel Safety | Link | This is not an ISO standard. This standard provides requirements for fire and explosion prevention and protection of industrial, commercial, or institutional facilities that process wood or manufacture wood products in order to protect life, property, and mission continuity. Relevant sections include "Prevention of Ignition and Control of Ignition Sources" and "Fire Protection". | fuel safety, ignition, fire safety, industrial |
| Directive 94/9/EC on equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres (ATEX) | Coal/Peat Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Fuel Safety | Link | The ATEX directive consists of two EU directives describing what equipment and work environment is allowed in an environment with an explosive atmosphere. This standard is widely adopted across Europe, though the document itself doesn't contain a large amount of substantive information. | fuel safety, explosion, workplace safety |
| Health and safety in biomass systems Design and operation guide | Wood Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Fuel Safety | Link | This is not a standard, however it offers safety design guidelines for commercial and residential biomass heating systems. | fuel safety, storage, handling, explosion, commercial, residential |
| DIN EN 14775:2012-11 Solid biofuels - Determination of ash content | Wood | Ash Content | Defines scope, normative references, terms and definitions, apparatus, preparation of test sample, procedures, calculations and precision for determination of ash content | Biofuels, Ash content | |
| CEN/TS 16214-2:2014Sustainability criteria for the production of biofuels and bioliquids for energy applications - Principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers - Part 2: Conformity assessment including chain of custody and mass balance | Wood Charcoal Ag Residue Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips Ethanol/Liquid/Gels Fuels | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) | This Technical Specification defines requirements for provision by economic operators of the required evidence that biofuels and bioliquids fulfil the sustainability criteria as defined in the Renewable Energy Directive [1]. This Technical Specification is applicable to the initial biomass production or to the point of collection for waste and residue and to each stage within the chain of custody. It also defines requirements on conformity assessment bodies when checking compliance with the present standard. | Biofuels, Biofuels, Chain of custody | |
| EN 16214-3:2012 | Wood Charcoal Ag Residue Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips Ethanol/Liquid/Gels Fuels | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) | This European Standard only defines procedures, criteria and indicators to provide the required evidence for: - production of raw material in areas for nature protection purposes; - harvesting of raw material from highly biodiverse non-natural grassland; and - cultivation and harvesting on peatland. This European Standard specifies requirements relevant for the provision of evidence by economic operators that the production, cultivation and harvesting of raw materials is in accordance with legal or other requirements concerning the areas mentioned above. This European Standard is applicable to production, cultivation and harvesting of biomass for biofuels and bioliquids production. | Biofuels, bioliquids, sustainable production | |
| EN 16214-4:2013 | Wood Charcoal Ag Residue Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips Ethanol/Liquid/Gels Fuels | Misc | This European Standard specifies a detailed methodology that will allow any economic operator in a biofuel or bioliquid chain to calculate the actual GHG emissions associated with its operations in a standardised and transparent manner, taking all materially relevant aspects into account. It includes all steps of the chain from biomass production to the end transport and distribution operations. | Biofuels, bioliquids, GHG | |
| CEN/TR 15149-3:2014Solid biofuels - Determination of particle size distribution - Part 3: Rotary screen method | Wood Ag Residue | Size | This Technical Report specifies a method for the determination of the size distribution of particulate biofuels by the rotary screen method. The method described is meant for particulate biofuels only, namely materials that either have been reduced in size, such as most wood fuels, or are physically in a particulate form e.g. olive stones, nutshells, grain, etc. This document applies to particulate uncompressed fuels with a nominal top size of 3,15 mm and over, e.g. wood chips, hog fuel, olive stones, etc. | Wood fuels, agr. residues, size | |
| CEN/TR 15569:2009Solid biofuels - A guide for a quality assurance system | Wood Ag Residue | Misc | This guide has been developed to provide information about the solid biofuel Quality Assurance and presents a methodology that helps operators in the solid biofuels industry design an appropriate Quality Assurance system according to their demands. | Solid biomass, agr. residues, quality assurance | |
| EN 14774-1:2009Solid biofuels - Determination of moisture content - Oven dry method - Part 1: Total moisture - Reference method | Wood | Moisture Content | This European Standard describes the method of determining the total moisture content of a sample of solid biofuels by drying in an oven and should be used when high precision of the determination of moisture content is necessary. The method described in this document is applicable to all solid biofuels. The total moisture content of biofuels is not an absolute value and conditions for its determination have to be standardised to enable comparative determinations to be made. | Solid biomass, moisture content | |
| EN 14774-2:2009 Solid biofuels - Determination of moisture content - Oven dry method - Part 2: Total moisture - Simplified method | Wood | Moisture Content | This European Standard describes the method of determining the total moisture content of a sample of solid biofuels by drying in an oven and may be used when the highest precision is not needed, e.g. for routine production control on site. The method described in this document is applicable to all solid biofuels. The total moisture content of biofuels is not an absolute value and conditions for its determination have to be standardised to enable comparative determinations to be made. | Solid fuels, moisture content | |
| EN 14774-3:2009 Solid biofuels - Determination of moisture content - Oven dry method - Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample | Wood | Moisture Content | This European Standard describes the method of determining the moisture in the analysis sample by drying the sample in an oven. It is intended to be used for general analysis samples according to CEN/TS 14780. | Solid biofuels, moisture content | |
| EN 14775:2009 Solid biofuels - Determination of ash content | Wood | Ash Content | This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of ash content of all solid biofuels (CEN/TS 14588). | Solid biofuels, ash content | |
| EN 14778:2011 Solid biofuels - Sampling | Wood Ag Residue Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Misc | This European Standard describes methods for preparing sampling plans and certificates and taking samples of solid biofuels, for example, from the place where the raw materials grow, from production plant, from deliveries e.g. lorry loads, or from stock.It includes both manual and mechanical methods, and is applicable to solid biofuels that are either: - fine (particle size up to about 10 mm) and regularly-shaped particulate materials that can be sampled using a scoop or pipe, for example: sawdust, olive stones and wood pellets; - coarse or irregularly-shaped particulate materials, particle sizes up to about 200 mm that can be sampled using a fork or shovel, for example: wood chips and nut shells, forest residue chips, and straw; | Sampling method | |
| EN 14780:2011 Solid biofuels - Sample preparation | Wood | Misc | This European Standard describes methods for reducing combined samples (or increments) to laboratory samples and laboratory samples to sub-samples and general analysis samples and is applicable to solid biofuels. The methods described in this European Standard may be used for sample preparation, for example, when the samples are to be tested for calorific value, moisture content, ash content, bulk density, durability, particle size distribution, ash melting behaviour, chemical composition, and impurities. | Sample preparation | |
| EN 14918:2009 Solid biofuels - Determination of calorific value | Heating Value/Calorific Value | This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the gross calorific value of a solid biofuel at constant volume and at the reference temperature 25 °C in a bomb calorimeter calibrated by combustion of certified benzoic acid. The result obtained is the gross calorific value of the analysis sample at constant volume with all the water of the combustion products as liquid water. | Solid biofuels, calorific value | ||
| EN 15103:2009 Solid biofuels - Determination of bulk density | Wood | Density/Bulk Density | This European Standard describes a method of determining bulk density of solid biofuels by the use of a standard measuring container. This method is applicable to all solid biofuels with a nominal top size of maximum 100 mm. Bulk density is not an absolute value, therefore conditions for its determination have to be standardised in order to gain comparative measuring results. | Solid biofuels, bulk density | |
| EN 15148:2009 Solid biofuels - Determination of the content of volatile matter | Wood | Volatile Matter | This European Standard aims to define the requirements and method used to determine the volatile matter content of solid biofuels. It is intended for persons and organisations that manufacture, plan, sell, erect or use machinery, equipment, tools and entire plants related to solid biofuels, and to all persons and organisations involved in producing, purchasing, selling and utilising solid biofuels. The volatile matter content is determined as the loss in mass, less that due to moisture, when solid biofuel is heated out of contact with air under standardized conditions. | Solid biofuel-volatile matter | |
| EN 15148:2009 Solid biofuels - Determination of the content of volatile matter | Wood | Volatile Matter | This European Standard aims to define the requirements and method used to determine the volatile matter content of solid biofuels.The volatile matter content is determined as the loss in mass, less that due to moisture, when solid biofuel is heated out of contact with air under standardized conditions. | Solid biofuels, volatile matter | |
| EN 15150:2011 Solid biofuels - Determination of particle density | Wood Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Density/Bulk Density | This European Standard describes the method for determining the particle density of compressed fuels such as pellets or briquettes. Particle density is not an absolute value and conditions for its determination have to be standardised to enable comparative determinations to be made. | Particle density | |
| EN 15210-1:2009 Solid biofuels - Determination of mechanical durability of pellets and briquettes - Part 1: Pellets | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Misc | This European Standard aims to define the requirements and method used for testing the mechanical durability of pellets.The durability is the measure of the resistance of densified fuels towards shocks and/or abrasion as a consequence of handling and transportation processes. | Pellets, mechanical durability | |
| EN 15210-2:2010 Solid biofuels - Determination of mechanical durability of pellets and briquettes - Part 2: Briquettes | Briquettes | Misc | This European Standard defines the requirements and method used for testing the mechanical durability of briquettes.The durability is the measure of the resistance of densified fuels towards shocks and/or abrasion as a consequence of handling and transportation processes. | Briquettes, mechanical durability | |
| EN 15234-1:2011 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 1: General requirements | Wood Ag Residue | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) | This European Standard defines the procedures to fulfil the quality requirements (quality control) and describes measures to ensure adequate confidence that the biofuel specification is fulfilled (quality assurance). This European Standard covers the whole chain, from supply of raw materials to point of delivery to the end-user. | Quality assurance, value chain | |
| EN 15234-2:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | This European Standard defines the procedures to fulfil the quality requirements (quality control) and describes measures to ensure adequate confidence that the wood pellet specification described in EN 14961-2 is fulfilled (quality assurance). This European Standard covers the production and delivery chain, from purchasing of raw materials to point of delivery to the end-user. | Pellets, quality assurance | ||
| EN 15234-3:2012 | Briquettes | Misc | This European Standard defines the procedures to fulfil the quality requirements (quality control) and describes measures to ensure adequate confidence that the wood briquette specification described in EN 14961-3 is fulfilled (quality assurance). This European Standard covers the production and delivery chain, from purchasing of raw materials to point of delivery to the end-user. | Wood briquettes, quality assurance | |
| EN 15234-4:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Misc | This European Standard defines the procedures to fulfil the quality requirements (quality control) and describes measures to ensure adequate confidence that the wood chips specification for non-industrial use as described in EN 14961-4 is fulfilled (quality assurance). This European Standard covers the raw material supply, production and delivery chain, from purchasing of raw materials to point of delivery to the end-user. | Wood chips, quality assurance | |
| EN 15234-5:2012 | Wood | Misc | This European Standard defines the procedures to fulfil the quality requirements (quality control) and describes measures to ensure adequate confidence that specification of firewood described in EN 14961-5 is fulfilled (quality assurance). This European Standard covers the raw material supply, production and delivery chain, from purchasing of raw materials to point of delivery to the end-user. | Firewood, quality assurance | |
| EN 15234-6:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use | Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips | Misc | This European Standard defines the procedures to fulfil the quality requirements (quality control) and describes measures to ensure adequate confidence that the non-woody pellet specification described in EN 14961-6 is fulfilled (quality assurance). This European Standard covers production and delivery chain, from purchasing of raw materials to point of delivery to the end-user. | Non-woody pellets, quality assurance | |
| ASTM D1857 Standard Test Method for Fusibility of Coal and Coke Ash | Wood Charcoal Coal/Peat Ag Residue Pellets/Pressed Logs/Chips Briquettes Dung | Melting Point/Transition Points | This test method covers the observation of the temperatures at which triangular pyramids (cones) prepared from coal and coke ash attain and pass through certain defined stages of fusing and flow when heated at a specified rate in controlled, mildly reducing, and where desired, oxidizing atmospheres. Ash fusibility temperatures predict whether the ash will perform properly in the process for which the coal was chosen. | ash, ash fusion | |
| ISO 7225 -- Gas cylinders -- Precautionary labels | LPG/Biogas | Fuel Safety | Specifies labeling for compressed gas cylinders | LPG, safety, labels | |
| NFPA 58 | LPG | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Fuel Safety | National Fire Protection Association: LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS CODE. The industry benchmark for safe LP-Gas storage, handling, transportation, and use, NFPA 58 mitigates risks and ensures safe installations, to prevent failures, leaks, and tampering that could lead to fires and explosions. | LPG, storage, handling, transportation, use, fires, explosions | |
| OSHA 1926.153 | LPG | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Fuel Safety | Approval of equipment and systems. Each system shall have containers, valves, connectors, manifold valve assemblies, and regulators of an approved type. All cylinders shall meet the Department of Transportation specification identification requirements published in 49 CFR Part 178, Shipping Container Specifications. "Definition." As used in this section, "Containers" - All vessels, such as tanks, cylinders, or drums, used for transportation or storing liquefied petroleum gases. | LPG, cylinders, valve, liquefied petroleum gas | |
| ASTM D1835 - 13 | LPG | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Fuel Safety | This specification covers liquefied petroleum gases consisting of propane, propene (propylene), butane, and mixtures of these materials. The products are intended for use as domestic, commercial and industrial heating, and engine fuels. Care must be taken to in sampling of the liquefied gases for test results to be significant. All four types of liquefied petroleum gases covered by this specification should conform to the specified requirements for vapor pressure, volatile residue, residue matter, relative density, and corrosion. | ||
| ASTM D2598 - 12 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis | LPG | Density/Bulk Density Chemical Composition Chemical Additives Volatile Matter | his practice covers, by compositional analysis, the approximate determination of the following physical characteristics of commercial propane, special-duty propane, commercial propane/butane mixtures, and commercial butane (covered by Specification D1835): vapor pressure, relative density, and motor octane number (MON). | ||
| ASTM D2158 - 11- Standard Test Method for Residues in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases | LPG | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Laboratory Testing | Control over the residue content (required by Specification D1835) is of considerable importance in end-use applications of LPG. In liquid feed systems residues can lead to troublesome deposits and, in vapor withdrawal systems, residues that are carried over can foul regulating equipment. Those that remain will accumulate, can be corrosive, and will contaminate following product. Water, particularly if alkaline, can cause failure of regulating equipment and corrosion of metals. | ||
| ISO 5995:2006(en) Gas cylinders — Specifications and testing of LPG cylinder valves — Manually operated | LPG | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Laboratory Testing | This International Standard specifies the requirements for design, specification and type testing of dedicated LPG manually operated cylinder valves specifically for use with transportable refillable LPG cylinders from 0,5 l up to 150 l water capacity. It includes references to associated equipment for vapour or liquid service. | ||
| ISO 0691:2004(en) Gas cylinders — Refillable welded steel cylinders for liquified petroleum gas (LPG) — Procedures for checking before, during and after filling | LPG | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Fuel Safety | This International Standard specifies the procedures to be adopted when checking transportable refillable welded steel LPG cylinders before, during and after filling. It applies to transportable refillable welded steel LPG cylinders of water capacity from 0,5 I up to and including 1501. It does not apply to cylinders permanently installed in vehicles, or to plant and filling equipment. | ||
| ISO 2928:2003(en) Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in the liquid or gaseous phase and natural gas up to 25 bar (2,5 MPa) — Specification | LPG | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) | This International Standard specifies requirements for rubber hoses and rubber hose assemblies used for the transfer of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in the liquid or gaseous phase and natural gas and designed for use at working pressures ranging from vacuum to a maximum of 25 bar (2,5 MPa) within the temperature range -30 °C to +70 °C or, for low-temperature hoses (designated -LT), within the temperature range -50 °C to +70 °C. | ||
| AS/NZS 1596:2014 The storage and handling of LP Gas | LPG | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Fuel Safety | Sets out requirements and recommendations for the safe storage and handling of LP Gas, in cylinders and bulk tanks. Sets out requirements for design, construction, commissioning and operation of installations for the storage and handling of LP Gas. Separate sections deal with above-ground and underground tanks, piping systems, cylinders and their locations, automotive filling installations, and operations. Appendices cover emergency plans, refuelling, fire protection, impact protection, leakage testing, hazardous areas, driver instructions and the transport and location of exchange cylinders. | ||
| IS 4576 (1999): Liquefied Petroleum Gases | LPG | Laboratory Testing | This standard prescribes the requirements and methods of sampling and test for all types of liquefied petroleum gases commercially marked for household, commercial and industrial applications excluding automotive use. | ||
| ISO 5985:2014(en) Plastics — Determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradation under high-solids anaerobic-digestion conditions — Method by analysis of released biogas | Biogas | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Misc Laboratory Testing | This International Standard specifies a method for the evaluation of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of plastics based on organic compounds under high-solids anaerobic-digestion conditions by measurement of evolved biogas at the end of the test. This method is designed to simulate typical anaerobic digestion conditions for the organic fraction of mixed municipal solid waste. The test material is exposed in a laboratory test to a methanogenic inoculum derived from anaerobic digesters operating only on pretreated household waste. The anaerobic decomposition takes place under high-solids (more than 20 % total solids) and static non-mixed conditions. The test method is designed to yield the percentage of carbon in the test material and its rate of conversion to evolved carbon dioxide and methane (biogas). The conditions described in this International Standard might not always correspond to the optimum conditions for the maximum degree of biodegradation to occur. | ||
| ISO 1734:1995(en) Water quality — Evaluation of the "ultimate" anaerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in digested sludge — Method by measurement of the biogas production | Biogas | Value Chain (storage, handling, etc) Misc Laboratory Testing | This International Standard specifies a screening method for the evaluation of the biodegradability of organic compounds at a given concentration by anaerobic microorganisms. The conditions described in this test do not necessarily correspond to the optimal conditions allowing the maximum value of biodegradation to occur, since a dilute sludge is used with a relatively high concentration of test chemical. The test allows exposure of sludge to the chemical for a period of up to 60 d, which is longer than the normal sludge retention time (25 d to 30 d) in anaerobic digesters, though digesters at industrial sites can have much longer retention times. The method applies to organic compounds with a known carbon content and which are — soluble in water; — poorly soluble in water, provided that a method of exact dosing is applicable; — not inhibitory to the test microorganisms at the concentration chosen for the test; inhibitory effects can be determined in separate tests or by an additional inhibition assay. For volatile substances a case by case decision is necessary. Some can be tested if handled with special care, for example no release of gas during the test. | ||
| Standard Number / Document Name | Applicable Fuels | Fuel Characteristics | Standard Location (url) | Summary of Standard | Meta Data/Key Terms |
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